Everything about Governor-general Of Finland totally explained
Governor-General of Finland (; ) was the military commander and the highest administrator of Finland sporadically under Swedish rule in the 17th and 18th centuries and continuously in the autonomous
Grand Duchy of Finland between
1808 and
1917.
After the final abolishment of the
Duchy of Finland and related feudal privileges in the late 16th century,
King of Sweden sporadically granted most or all of Finland under a specially appointed governor-general, who took care of the matters in the eastern part of the country more or less according to his own best judgement. Best known of these officials is count
Per Brahe whose reign is still referred to in Finland as the "count's days" (
kreivin aikaan), meaning something positive that happens just in time.
During the time when Finland was a part of Russian Empire, governor-general's position was permament. He was the vicar of the emperor, who wasn't personally present in Helsinki, but resided in
St Petersburg, just outside Finnish borders. Thereby, governor-general was constitutionally the chairman of the
Senate of Finland, the government in the autonomous
Grand Duchy of Finland (the chairmanship, with two votes, belonged constitutionally to the Grand Duke of Finland). The governor-general was the highest representative of the
Russian
Tsar/
Grand Duke of Finland and received his instructions directly from the Tsar.
Finnish citizenship wasn't required of the governor-general, contrary to all other highest positions such as senators (members of the senate) and
Finnish Minister Secretary of State. Most governors-general, and all the later ones, were Russians, men whom the emperor trusted as counterparts of potential Finnish separatism. Many of them, up to baron Rokassovski, however were made also
Finnish subjects, by granting them a
Finnish nobility rank.
Many of the governors-general were disliked by the Finnish population. The first man on the post,
Sprengtporten, resigned after only a year and
Bobrikov was
assassinated in
1904 by Finnish nationalist
Eugen Schauman. On the other hand, several governors-general worked in a way that guaranteed the
Finnish autonomy in face of interests of ministers of Russian general government.
Governor-general
Prince Menshikov (1831-55) sojourned his entire term in St Petersburg, being simultaneously the
Russian Minister of Navy. Gubernatorial duties in Helsinki were cared for by the deputy governor-general. For most of the term, in that position was general
Alexander Amatus Thesleff.
List of Governors-General of Finland (Sweden)
List of Governors-General of Finland (Russian)
Count Georg Magnus Sprengtporten (December 1 1808 - June 17 1809)
Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (June 17 1809 - February 1 1810)
Count Fabian Steinheil (1810 - 1813)
Count Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt (1813)
Count Fabian Steinheil (1814 - 1824)
Count Arseni Andreyevich Zakrevski (1824 - 1831)
Prince (Knyaz, Fürst) Alexander Menshikov (1831 - 1855)
Count Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg (1855 - 1861)
Baron Platon Ivanovich Rokassovski (1861 - 1866)
Count Nikolai Adlerberg (1866 - 1881)
Count Feodor Logginovich Heiden (1881 - 1898)
General Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov (August 29 1898 - June 17 1904)
Prince (Knyaz, Fürst) Ivan Mihailovich Obolenski (August 18 1904 - November 18 1905)
Nikolai Nikolajevich Gerhard (December 6 1905 - February 2 1908)
Vladimir Aleksandrovich Boeckmann (February 2 1908 - November 24 1909)
Franz Albert Seyn (November 24 1909 - March 16 1917)
Mihail Aleksandrovich Stahovich (March 31 1917 - September 17 1917)
Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov (September 17 1917 - November 7 1917)Further Information
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